German Nationalism and its Effects

Focus On The Victoria Climbie Inquiry Report Social Work Essay Essays

Focus On The Victoria Climbie Inquiry Report Social Work Essay Essays Focus On The Victoria Climbie Inquiry Report Social Work Essay Paper Focus On The Victoria Climbie Inquiry Report Social Work Essay Paper In his statement to the House of Commons when showing Lord Laming s Inquiry Report into the decease of Victoria Climbie , on 28 January 2003, the Secretary of State for Health, Alan Milburn, said: It is an all excessively familiar call. In the past few decennaries at that place have been tonss of enquiries into atrocious instances of kid maltreatment and disregard. Each has called on us to larn the lesson of what went incorrect. Indeed, there is a singular consistence in both what went incorrect and what is advocated to set it right. Lord Laming s Report goes farther. It recognises that the hunt for a simple solution or a speedy hole will non make. It is non merely national criterions, or proper preparation, or equal resources, or local leading, or new constructions that are needed. : I will give an overview of the enquiry. I will besides give an overview of the subjects, deficiency of answerability right through the organisations to the most senior degree and staff non adequately trained in kid protection. I will analyze and review these subjects in relation to bureau policy, legal demands, research, practician cognition and the voice of the service user. Previous enquiries and at that place associate to this enquiry will be discussed along with have we learned any lessons from this. The failure to implement a legal, ethical and political model to inform current best pattern will be utilised. I will reflect on the deductions of grounds informed pattern and how this will inform future societal work pattern. This paragraph will supply a sum-up of the events taking to the decease of Victoria Climbie, and set up why there was a demand for the enquiry. From the study ( Lord Laming, 2003 ) we know that Victoria Climbie came to England with her grandaunt, Marie-Therese Kouao in April 1999. Within a twelvemonth, she was dead. On 25th February 2000, Victoria died of hyperthermy at St Mary s Hospital, Paddington. She was merely eight old ages old and had 128 separate hurts to her organic structure. On 12th January 2001, her great-aunt Kouao and her fellow, Carl Manning, were convicted of slaying. The degree of inhuman treatment experienced by Victoria was genuinely hideous, with day-to-day whippings utilizing several different implements. Her concluding yearss were exhausted life and kiping in an unwarmed bathroom in the center of winter, where she was bound manus and pes, lying in her ain piss and fecal matters in a bin bag in the bath. The secretary of State set up the independent statutory en quiry into her decease, under the Chairmanship of Lord Laming, in April 2001, to set up under subdivision 81 of the Children Act 89 the concerns with the maps of the local authorization societal services commissions and the manner they relate to kids. The enquiry wanted to analyze the manner in which local governments in regard of their societal services maps and place the services sought or required by, or in regard of Victoria, Marie-Therese and Carl. This subdivision will now take to analyze and review the cardinal subject I have identified that emerged from the enquiry study which is deficiency of answerability right through the organisations to the most senior degree and staff non adequately trained in kid protection. Lord Laming ( 2003 ) points out There were at least 12 cardinal occasions when the relevant services had chances to successfully step in to assist Victoria, but had failed to make so. Within the Report Lord laming ( 2003 ) states That non one of these intercessions would hold required great accomplishment or made heavy demands on staff, sometimes it needed nil more than a director making their occupation by inquiring pertinent inquiries or taking the problem to look in a instance file. He continues to provinces Lord Laming ( 2003 ) There can be no alibi for such sloppy and unprofessional public presentation. As Lord Laming ( 2003 ) commented Not one of the bureaus empowered by Parliament to protect kids in plac es such as Victoria s emerged from the Inquiry with much recognition, what happened to Victoria, and her ultimate decease, resulted from an inexcusable gross failure of the system. Lord Laming s ( 2003 ) expressed His astonishment that cipher in the bureaus had the presence of head to follow what are comparatively straightforward processs on how to react to a kid about whom there is concern of deliberate injury. The Inquiry Report ( Lord Laming, 2003 ) highlighted widespread deficiency of answerability through the administrations as the chief ground for the deficiency of protection afforded to Victoria. Who should be held responsible for these failures? As Webb ( 2002 ) provinces: Lord Laming was clear that it is non the hapless and sometimes inexperient front-line staff to whom he directs most unfavorable judgment, but to those in places of direction, including infirmary advisers, I think that the public presentation of people in leading places should be judged on how good services are delivered at the front door . Professor Nigel Parton ( 2003 ) points out that Too frequently in the Inquiry people justify their places around bureaucratic activities instead than around results for kids. Frankly, I would be the really last individual to state that good disposal is non indispensable to good pattern. Professor Nigel Parton ( 2003 ) continues to province that Good administration-and we did n on see a batch of it, I have to say-is a agency to an terminal. I can non conceive of in any other walk of life if a senior director was in charge of an administration and that administration was traveling down the pan-to put it crudely-in footings of gross revenues and public presentation that person would state My function is wholly strategic, do non keep me to account for what happens in the administration . Peoples who occupy senior places have to stand or fall by what service is delivered at the front door. The Inquiry Report Lord Laming ( 2003 ) highlighted the evident failure of those in senior places to understand, or accept, that they were responsible for the quality, efficiency and effectivity of local services. As Rustin ( 2010 ) states Lord Laming pointed to the yawning spread in the differing perceptual experiences of the administration held by front line staff and senior directors. Lord Laming was univocal that the failure was the mistake of directors whose occupatio n it should hold been to understand what was go oning at their front door. As the Report Lord Laming ( 2003 ) pointed out, some of those in the most senior places used the defense mechanism no 1 of all time told me to distance themselves from duty, and to reason that there was nil they could hold done. Rustin ( 2004 ) states this was non a position shared by Lord Laming. Rustin ( 2004 ) besides continues to province that Lord Laming went even further in grounds to us, stating us forcefully that, in his position, answerability of directors was paramount, and that the front line staff were by and large making their uttermost. In add-on to the cardinal jobs of a deficiency of answerability and managerial control, it was besides evident in the class of the Inquiry Lord Laming ( 2003 ) that other weaknesss existed in all facets of pattern. This subdivision will measure old enquiries and how they link to this enquiry and have any lessons been learned from them. As Rustin ( 2004 ) provi nces: As with many old enquiries into child protection failures, Maria Colwell ( 1973 ) , Jasmine Beckford ( 1984 ) , Tyra Henry ( 1984 ) and Kimberley Carlile ( 1986 ) it was clear that the quality of information exchange was frequently hapless, systems were rough and information failed to be passed between infirmaries in close propinquity to each other. As the Report commented Lord Laming ( 2003 ) Information systems that depend on the random passing of faux pass of paper have no topographic point in modern services . The grounds from another study, Maria Colwell, who had died in January of 1973 pointed to similar failings, which were found in Victoria s study these failings were, deficiency of answerability and staff non adequately trained ( Corby et al, 2001 ) . Inquiry studies are beginnings of grounds to inform societal work pattern and even though they have many failings within them as illustrated. Professor Nigel Parton ( 2004 ) points out that In many respects public enquiries have proved to be the cardinal vehicle through which alterations in policy and pattern have been brought about over the last 30 old ages in relation to child protection policy and pattern in this state. Professor Nigel Parton ( 2004 ) continues to indicate out that Rather than public enquiries being ignored, they have been cardinal to the manner kid protection operates. In this regard, they are every bit much a portion of the job as they are the solution. Have lessons been learned from the many public enquiries over the old 30 old ages. It was as if provinces Professor Nigel Parton ( 2004 ) The frontline professionals, and the cardinal administrations and bureaus who have duty for kids and households were rather incapable of larning the lessons and, crucially, seting these into pattern in such a manner that such awful calamities could be avoided. It is hoped by many, hence, that the study by Lord Laming, and the alterations brought about as a consequence, will intend that this will be the last study of its type. This subdivision will turn to the other subject I have highlighted equal preparation. The inquiry of equal preparation and supervising for staff working in all the relevant bureaus were besides an issue identified in the Inquiry. Professor Nigel Parton ( 2004 ) points out that In Haringey, for illustration, it was observed that the proviso of supervising may hold looked good on paper but in pattern it was deplorably unequal for many of the front line staff. Professor Nigel Barton ( 2004 ) besides points out that nowhere was this more apparent than in the fact that in the concluding hebdomads of Victoria s life a societal worker called several times at the level where she had been populating. There was no answer to her knocks and the societal worker assumed, rather wrongly, that Victoria and Kouao had moved off, and took no farther action. As the Laming Report ( Lord Laming, 2003 ) commented, It was wholly possible that at the clip Victoria was in fact lying merely a few paces off, in the prison of the bath, urgently trusting person might happen her and come to her deliverance before her life ebbed off . This subdivision will now look at the failure to implement the legal and political model within the inquiry study. Lord Laming within the study ( Lord Laming 2003 ) told us that he continued to believe that the Children Act 1989 was fundamentally sound statute law . His recommendations do non reason for a major new legislative model. However, Lord Laming ( 2003 ) states he did non believe that the Act was being implemented in the manner that had been envisaged for it, and, in his position, there was a oscitance spread at the present clip between the aspirations and outlooks of Parliament and the certainty of what is delivered at the front door . Rustin ( 2004 ) states In the absence of equal managerial answerability, front line workers were obliged to do important strategic determinations, for illustration about the usage of the Children Act, and between utilizing subdivisions 17 and 47 ( associating severally to a kid in demand, and a kid in demand of protection ) . The subdivi sions of the Act had been developed with the purpose of every bit pointed out by Rustin ( 2004 ) Of recognizing the different demands of kids . How the subdivisions were being applied on the land nevertheless as stated by Lord Laming ( 2003 ) is Quite different, far from using the subdivision of the Act that would outdo run into the demands of the peculiar kid and their fortunes, what they were really making was utilizing these subdivisions to curtail entree to services and to restrict the handiness of services to people . The Children Act, Lord Laming ( 2003 ) argued to us Should be about advancing the wellbeing of kids, non about seting labels around people s cervix . Lord Laming ( 2003 ) went on to propose that Front line workers were being forced into doing determinations that should decently hold rested with direction and policy determinations . This raised major inquiries about the function of public services and the basic rules that should underpin them, as ( Lord Laming 2003 ) stated We need to stand back and say that we need to detect the basic rule that the populace services are at that place to function the populace, non merely some of the populace and non merely some people who can acquire through eligibility standards, or who are sufficiently relentless . Therefore services must be more accessible and they must be more in melody with their local communities. If, as Lord Laming believes Kirton ( 2009, p.17 ) states The Victoria Climbie instance was non alone, but highlighted widespread and major lacks in the execution of the Children Act, this raises issues that Government should turn to. I believe that the Children Act 1989 remains basically sound statute law. However, there is concern as pointed out by Professor Nigel Parton ( 2004 ) That the commissariats of the Act which sought to guarantee an appropriate response to the differing demands of kids are being applied unsuitably, used as a agency of rationing entree to services, and have led to subdivision 17 instances being regarded as holding low precedence. The Laming Inquiry ( Lord Laming 2003 ) recommended that consideration should be given to uniting the Working Together counsel and the National Assessment Framework counsel into a individual papers, puting out clearly how the subdivisions of the Act should be applied, and giving clear way on action to be taken under subdivisions 17 and 47. Within this subdivision I will discourse the ethical model. It is of import to include the issues of societal category and gender, which were non apparent in the Victoria Climbie enquiry. However, it is issues around ethnicity and race that are more apparent. However, the diverseness referred to is improbably complex. This is illustrated at assorted points provinces Webb ( 2002 ) For illustration: At the clip Victoria s instance was handled in Brent, all the responsibility societal workers had received their preparation abroad and were on impermanent contracts. ( In Brent ) at least 50 per cent of societal workers clip was spent working on instances of unaccompanied bush leagues. As Webb ( 2002 ) provinces There was grounds that Haringey has one of the most diverse populations in the state, with 160 different linguistic communications spoken locally, a long tradition of travelers settling in the borough and a high proportion of asylum-seeking households ( 9 per centum of the entire population ) . Within the study Lord Laming ( 2003 ) points out that In relation to all the London boroughs involved there were high degrees of poorness and want, diverse cultural, cultural, lingual backgrounds, every bit good as the diverse backgrounds of the workers themselves. In many respects, it seems Victoria s state of affairs was non alone in these several boroughs. Webb ( 2002 ) indicated The impact of increased planetary mobility, more specifically the rapid addition in asylum-seeking households, together with the diverse backgrounds of the workers themselves progressively seems to characterize work in many metropolitan countries. This has a peculiar impact provinces Webb ( 2002 ) On the nature, stableness and coherence of local communities. It is deserving observing that, compared to the Maria Colwell instance, no referrals are noted in the Victoria Climbie instance from neighbors or other members of the community apart from the child minder Mrs Cameron. We are non merely speaking ab out diverseness here but unbelievable complexness. Kirton ( 2009 ) argues that Not merely does it present major lingual challenges but besides it poses major challenges for statutory sections in relation to the familial and cultural individualities of those with whom they work and to whom they have duty. Issues around racism are clearly of import here, nevertheless they can non be reduced to a simple black and white community and cultural divide. This subdivision will reflect on the deductions of evidence-informed pattern ( EIP ) and the utility of the enquiry to inform the development of future societal work pattern. Often, in hindsight, those who put people at hazard are blamed for the bad luck and injury they cause. ( Kirton, 2009 ) This is arguably the most signii ¬?cant professional context in which EIP has emerged. Harmonizing to Munro ( 1998 ) Social workers rely on obscure appraisals and anticipations, instead than sing what is more or less likely. In mundane life determinations have to be made on a limited grounds base and professional determinations are besides at best debatable . There are legion unexpected and complex results in societal work, many of which remainder on holding to do judgements under conditions of uncertainness. ( Kirton, 2009 ) The chief jobs associated with doing effectual determinations in societal work as stated by Kirton ( 2009 ) include: hazard and uncertainness, intangibles, long-run ded uctions, interdisciplinary input and the political relations of different vested involvements pooled determination devising and value judgements. Decision analysis has developed as a statistical technique to assist get the better of these sorts of jobs. Decision analysis is closely related to put on the line appraisal and actuarial patterns. Evidence-informed pattern and policy are self-explanatory. They involve the acceptance of evidence-based protocols and utilize local criterions for carry oning societal work pattern and developing organizationally specii ¬?c policies. ( Webb, 2002 ) It has been suggested that evidence-informed protocols feed straight into the practician context to supply guidelines for transporting out EIP. Basically evidence-informed pattern and policy in societal work will imply the explicit and wise usage of current best grounds in doing determinations about the societal attention of service users. This dei ¬?nition is widely used and derived from Sackett et Al. s Evidence-based Medicine ( 1996 ) . A matter-of-fact attack as stated by Sackett ( 1996 ) Has been adopted here, which regards the pattern of grounds as incorporating practician expertness with the best available external grounds from systematic but multiple research methods. The execution theoretical account outlined is the thought that the practice-based procedure begins with the grounds instead than the single or groups of clients. Clearly the application of evidence-informed pattern and policies will be governed by the economic range of societal work bureaus in footings of resources and the development of an evidence-informed substructure. ( Kirton, 2009 ) Sackett ( 1996 ) points out that At a local degree it will besides be dependent on incremental acquisition and accumulative professional development which are likely to be facilitated by the pattern research webs and evidence-based briei ¬?ngs discussed supra. In this essay I have analysed and critiqued two cardinal subjects from the enquiry, deficiency of answerability right through the organisations to the most senior degree and staff non, adequately trained in kid protection. I have besides analysed and critique these subjects in relation to bureau policy, legal demands, research, practician cognition and the voice of the service user. I have linked old enquiries and discussed have we learned any lessons from these enquiries. I identified the failure to implement a legal, ethical and political model to inform current best pattern will. I besides reflected on the deductions of grounds informed pattern and how this will inform future societal work pattern. A shutting quotation mark to complete from the Secretary of State, Alan Milburn ( 2003 ) It has felt as if Victoria has attended every measure of this enquiry, and it has been my good luck to hold had the aid of co-workers whose abilities have been matched by their committedness to the undertaking of making justness to Victoria s memory and her enduring spirit, and to making something positive from her agony and ultimate decease.

ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR AND DEVELOPMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR AND DEVELOPMENT - Essay Example Each theory has three important aspect of communication i.e. sender, receiver and message. According to Roberts (2007) â€Å"Change is a multifaceted phenomenon, yet regardless of the paradigm adopted, there is agreement among all writers about change: it is hard, and generally more complex than anyone first anticipates.† Managing change is directing resources to the direction of goals. It involves all the concerned people from the organisation. It is a calculative and structured process of dealing with known changes. Change management is the process requires proper communication and coordination with all the related departments. There are various issues involved in change management process. Change management is always a planned approach of an organisation. Change management process will be successful when there is maximum involvement of the collective effort of the people. The risk of failure of implementation is identified and strategy is developed to deal with the same. The human aspect of change is the primary aspect of the change management in the organisation. This is depended on the industrial psychology. There are various angles to the process like change management. The process should be multi-disciplinary. It should touch all the aspects of the organisation with a focus on the fundamental of the human resource management issues. The new procedures, policies and change in the organisation processes, process and strategic procedures have various risk of the resistance. People when work together form groups. These groups can be formal and informal. Groups have certain norms. The members of a group are likeminded in various issues and approaches. They have commitment for each other. The group communicate through some language to each other. The language becomes the basic tool of keeping the information regarding the norms and expectations of the

The History of Oil and Gas in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The History of Oil and Gas in China - Essay Example China was the first country to discover the presence of oil accumulations in salt wells. The Chinese identified beforehand the significance and the possible use of oil and gas in boundless applications. Early on in history, about 500 B.C., consistent with some historical accounts about China, the old Chinese express about wells with the depth of 100 feet holding a significant volume of water and natural gas. Also, the Chinese were pioneers in conceptualizing the use of bamboos to serve as pipelines to draw natural gas and oil from wells. These recovered gas and oil were originally used for lighting (Business Reference Services, "History of Oil and Gas Industry"). In addition, the Chinese eventually ventured in searching and excavating wells with depths of over 2000 feet (American Petroleum Institute, "All about Petroleum - As Old as History").While China was the first country to venture in the exploration and excavation of oil and natural gas reserves, it was not the first country to take innovative approaches in developing petroleum products like kerosene, gasoline, etc. It commenced adopting a modernistic method in developing oil and gas products only during the 1950s. Even up to the present, China is comparatively fresher in modern oil and gas discovery and production compared to the US. Initially, China was an oil importer but later managed to become independent; and even became an exporter between 1965 and 1993; however, it went back to being an importer in 1993.

DEP Discussion 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DEP Discussion 1 - Assignment Example They were the ones who helped me in learning about sexual matters and my attraction towards the opposite gender and why these feelings were taking place. At this point in life I started idealizing and listening to rock music and from that time onwards I developed a taste for rock music and to date rock music has not only become the main music choice, it has even defined the way I dress and act. My interest in rock music even defined my personality which is quite aggressive in nature. Another part of development in this age was my relationship with my parents. At this age I used to believe that my parents are quite old fashioned and things are not as they perceive and due to this we used to have a conflict. My parents did not reject me and rather accepted my state of mind and confusion that I was facing and they helped me through that time period and became my close friends instead of being authoritarian. The major difference between development in young adulthood and adolescent is th at during adolescent individuals are more focused on their physical development, but during young adulthood individuals start being concerned about their future career and what kind of a future they want to experience. Furthermore, during young adulthood social bonds become stronger and those individuals who become friends during this age lasts for a longer period of time and may even last throughout the life of an

Effects Of The Internet On Travel Agencies Tourism Essay

Effects Of The Internet On Travel Agencies Tourism Essay The internet has provided opportunities for travelers to book their travel directly online thereby circumventing the traditional travel channels i.e. travel agencies. Nowadays even airlines have started encouraging travelers to book tickets directly on their websites thus avoiding having to pay 10% commission to the travel agents. Thus it has made it an urgent need for traditional travel agents to find new methods and strategies to stay in business (Yamanouchi, 2004). While serving as an intermediary channel between travelers and travel service providers, what the internet has done is to eliminate the relevance of the traditional intermediary (travel agents) or at the very least make that traditional role very different in todays practice (Taylor, 2003). Today, would-be travelers can arrange for their own travel by booking straight from the providers themselves via the internet (Law, Leung Wong, 2004). Online travel websites more or less eliminates the need for traditional middlemen, who as Law, Leung Wong (2004) notes; are debatably on the verge of extinction. Internet mediation may ultimately lead to disintermediation of travel agencies since the travel service and product providers can sell their services and products directly to the travel clientele. Yet, the internet and its travel websites does not portend only doom for the travel agents. Travel agents still have the advantage of providing personalized services especially in offering advice to travelers with a personal touch. This ability to make services personal will guarantee that the role of travel agents remains secure. (Law, Leung, Wong, 2004). The internet has become a distribution channel in the travel industry such that the role of traditional intermediaries like travel agents has also changed. Yet rather than be patients of the internet, travel agents have seized the opportunity to employ the internet in their daily operations. Travel agents are using the internet to market themselves and to advertise their services. They are also offering some of their services online (Vrana, Zafiropoulos, 2004). The travel agents themselves have found it easy to make arrangements and bookings over the internet for their clients thus reducing their operational costs. The internet adoption among travel agents has made their services more efficient and timely and gaining a reliable means of communication with their contacts and clients (Vrana, Zafiropoulos, 2004). Literature Review How Travel Agencies Take Advantages of the Internet and Avoid Its Negative Effects on Their Business Travel agents are nowadays using the strategy of If you cant beat them, join them. They have started using the internet to their own advantage by using the internet to market their own services online and by contacting travelers via their own websites. They also provide services that travel sites cannot provide like personalized services and complex travel arrangements and iteneries (Vrana, Zafiropoulos, 2004). Travel agencies also nowadays focus more on building lasting relationships rather than trying to maximize their profits. They do this by providing quality personalized services. This is a strategy adopted by most travel agencies in Japan (Zhang, 2004). By so doing, travel agencies are today exploiting the internet opportunities such as virtue communities, to build what travel websites cannot, personalized relationships with clients (Maurer, 2002). This way, they can exploit the benefits that come with the internet, and avoid losing their role in mediating travel, by making their services uniquely personalized. Travel agents form networks, create newly branded travel services, exploit the internet to market themselves, get specialist packages and products unveiled by online agencies and seek to provide consumers with competitive deals if they have to survive (Downes, Legg, 2006). Why People Book Over the Internet Customers mainly book over the internet since it is convenient, cost saving, and resourceful. It is more accessible and less expensive. Travelers also can compare the various rates offered by different service providers and thus make a much more informed choice. Online service providers offer more competitive rates and better discounts due to the low operational costs. Customers can also access extensive amount of information on the internet. It is also very useful for working professionals who do not have time to go and meet travel agents to make their travel plans when they can just do their booking when they are at work or at home (Heung, 2003). Customers also have the opportunities of learning more about the places they are visiting from the internet and thus able to book hotels online. The bottom line that one is able to make all arrangements needed before traveling without involving any intermediary as long as he or she has access to internet. The advent of internet has also been coupled with people acquiring personal computers and internet providers thus bringing the technology closer to the people (Lewis, Ira, Semeijn, Janjaap, Talalayevsky, Alexander, 1998). Why People Book with Travel Agents The main reasons why customers book via travel agents are the security concerns (credit card scams), interpersonal communication i.e. face to face transactions, human contact in transactions, and ability to make custom made travel packages as opposed to by travel websites (Vrana, Zafiropoulos, 2004). Travel agents are able to make all arrangements for their clients unlike in travel websites for example hotel bookings, sightseeing bookings, airport drop and pickup, and flight tickets, something they might not be able to or might lack the time to do (Buhalis, Licata, 2002). Most clients who go to travel agents are also those who want to build relationships with their travel facilitators and those who need the guarantee of human element in transactions (Cheyne, Downes, Legg, 2006). There are some circumstances where by customers are left with no choices other than using the agents. This happens mostly in situations whereby one has to pass through different destinations. It is very hard to do several online bookings when one is traveling as it means dealing with many different entities. When one has to pass through different destinations, it is easier to use the international agents who have offices in different places around the world. By doing this one is able to deal with one company because he just have to state his or her demands to the agent and all his needs will be taken care of. (The Travel Insider, 2010). Repeat Clients in Online Booking Customers will go to the same website and online portals or directly to particular service providers using the internet if such providers have created brand name of products, built global marketing, have lower cost due to discounts, facilitates labor saving means and if they have standardized processes, products and service delivery (Vrana, Zafiropoulos, 2004). Improved service delivery and competitive website features are the main ongoing preferences for online service providers in Hong Kong (Chu, 2001). Another reason why customers repeatedly use one online service provider is that they were initially satisfied with the service that was provided and do not want to research another serviced provider (Cheyne, Downes, Legg, 2006). Repeat Clients for a Travel Agent Customers mainly repeatedly book via travel agents due to the relationship that they have built with that travel agent (Vrana, Zafiropoulos, 2004). Therefore travel agents in Japan are using this strategy of building lasting relationships with customers to improve business rather than just focusing on maximizing profits by trying to attract more customers (Zhang, 2003). If a customer is satisfied with a travel plan that a particular travel agent has made for them they prefer using the same travel agent to make all their future travel plans. Therefore providing good quality service also generates repeat clientele for travel agents (Wyne et al., 2001). Demographics Characteristics that Predetermine Online Booking and that of Travel Agency Booking The choice of internet and travel agent booking is influenced by sex, age, education, income, and occupational characteristics of customers (Furr, Bon, 1998). Studies indicate that internet bookings are mainly made by females aged between 21 and 30, educated and earning high incomes and working in education related professions who prefer commercial lodgings during travel and who predominantly prefer to travel by air (Heung, 2003). On the other hand the demographics of non- internet travel agent users is mainly married men traveling with families on a long vacation from medium earning brackets aged between 36 to 45 years. This is mainly because when traveling with families travel agents can provide much more extensive information on the types of hotels and which types of hotels offer certain types of services and also they provide information on the different types of sightseeing options and which one would suit the familys requirements best (Heung, 2003). Effects of Airlines on Internet Bookings The industry of travel agency involves communication and processing information of its clients. Initially, the agencies had access to details of flights so the customers had no alternative. The fact the airlines are able to do their advertising online and directly to the customers and the customers are able to apply for their travel tickets online has affected the travel agencies a lot. It is also of paramount importance to note that airlines have realized this trend and have thus reduced fares, as they no longer pay the commissions they used to pay the agents (Bennett, Marion, Lai, Chi-Wen, Kevin, 2005). The customers needs have also changed significantly in their demands due to the development in IT since one is able to learn all the exotic places there are to visit at the touch of a button. It is more convenient for a customer to do his or her research at the convenience of his or her sitting other than going to an agent. It is worthy noting that it is cheaper to book online since one will be dealing with the airline directly without involving an intermediary. The airlines are also happy to serve their customers directly for they will be able to understand their needs more. The advent of the internet technology gave the airlines an opportunity to be close to their clients and they realized that the need for an intermediary is not that important. (Frias, Rodrà ­gueza, Castanedaa, 2008). It is important to note that a minute means a lot in the amount one may pay for an air ticket since the fares change from time to time. When one is passing through many points, it is less demanding to use the agent for they will be able to fix his or her time according to the lowest fares possible. By doing this you end up saving money and time since you will be having someone who will be taking care of your travel plans. When one is doing booking, it is important to do research so as not end up paying more than what he would have paid through an agent (Farooqui, 2010). Refernces Bennett, Marion; Lai, Chi-Wen Kevin (November 2005)The impact of the internet on travel agencies in Taiwan http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/pal/thr/2005/00000006/00000001/art00002 Buhalis, D., Licata, C. (2002). The future of eTourism intermediaries. Tourism Cheyne, J., Downes, M., Legg, S. (2006). Travel Agent vs Internet: What influences travel consumer choices? Journal of Vacation Marketing. 12(1), 41 Chu, R. (2001). What online Hong Kong travelers look for on airline/travel websites? International Journal of Hospitality Management. 20(1), 95-100. Farooqui, S. (2010, April 20). Travel Agent and Internet Marketing Impact, Benefits, and Planning. Retrieved June 9, 2010, from http://ezinearticles.com/?Travel- ­Agent- ­and- ­Internet- ­Marketing- ­- ­- ­Impact,- ­Benefits,- ­and- ­Planningid=4141656. Fields, J. (2007). Great weather, deserted beach, wonderful holiday. The Sunday Herald. March 25. Frà ­as D. M, Rodrà ­gueza M. A., Castaà ±edaa J. A,(Feb 2008) Internet vs. travel agencies on pre-visit destination image formation: An information processing view , Retrieved June 09,2010, from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL_udi=B6V9R-4NKJ174-1_user=10_coverDate=02%2F29%2F2008_rdoc=1_fmt=high_orig=search_sort=d_docanchor=view=c_searchStrId=1364306231_rerunOrigin=google_acct=C000050221_version=1_urlVersion=0_userid=10md5=192643fd560ef019b68e8e8f888325e2 Heung, V. (2003). Internet usage by international travellers: reasons and barriers. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 15(7), 370-378 Law, R., Leung K., Wong, J. (2004).The Impact of the Internet on Travel agencies. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality management. 16(2), 100 107. Lewis, Ira, Semeijn, Janjaap, Talalayevsky, Alexander(June 22 1998) The impact of information technology on travel agents. Retrieved June 09, 2010 from http://www.allbusiness.com/technology/695794-1.html Machon, N. (2008). High-street travel agents are losing out to their online rivals (Survey). New Media Age. Available at http://www.nma.co.uk/opinion/analyst-speak-high-street-travel-agents-are-losing-out-to-their-online-rivals/39912.article Management. 23(3), 207-220. Maurer, E. (2002). Internet for the Retail Travel Industry. London: Delmar Cengage learning. Monaghan, K. (2006). The Travel Agents Complete Desk Reference. New York: The Intrepid Traveler. Murray, M. (1999). Tripped-up travel agents. National Journal. 31(49), 34-79. The Travel Insider (15 May 2010) Airfare Wars Internet vs. Travel Agencies Retrieved June 09,2010, from http://thetravelinsider.info/2002/0614.htm Vogel, H. (2001). Travel industry economics: a guide for financial analysis. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press. Vrana, V., Zafiropoulos, C. (2004). Tourism agents attitudes on internet adoption: an analysis from Greece. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 18 (7), 601-608 Wyne, C. Et al. (2001). The impact of the Internet on the Distribution Value Chain: The Case of the South African Tourism Industry. International Marketing Review. Vol. 18 (4). pp. 420 431. Zhang, Z. (2004). Organizing customers: Japanese travel agencies marketing on the Internet. European Journal of Marketing. 38(9/10), 1294-1303

Reflection on Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay -- Jane Eyre Essays

Reflection on Jane Eyre "That strange little figure there gazing at me, with a white face and arms specking the gloom, and glittering eyes of fear moving where all else was still, had the effect of a real spirit." This was the painful reaction of young Jane Eyre to her own horrifying ten-year-old reflection in the mirror . This reflection illustrates the harsh and fearful childhood of a strong-willed girl in the beginning of Jane Eyre, written by Charlotte Bronte. Set in the mid-nineteenth century on the English countryside Jane Eyre tells the story of one orphan's troubled childhood and her yearning to belong to someone somewhere as she matures into an adult. Jane Eyre is a story replete with romance, morality, mystery, and coincidence. After the death of her parents, Jane lives in the house of her aunt, Sarah Reed. Sarah only allows Jane to stay in her house because of a promise Sarah made to her brother who was on his death bed. However, Sarah regrets her promise, despises Jane from the beginning, and blames her for every disturbance between her own children...

Is Graffiti an Art? Essay

It is a debate, which is increasingly appearing in today’s society and being discussed with escalating intensity. The topic is graffiti and the debate is whether it should be seen as and art form. Many individuals will argue that it is not art and that it is uninspired vandalism. However these people do not understand the true meaning of graffiti, and what it means to be a graffiti artist. It is costing Auckland ratepayers 5 million dollars this year to fight a losing battle against graffiti in the streets. If people take the time to appreciate graffiti and the artists it is a battle that will not have to be fought. The facts, figures and benefits of recognising graffiti as an art form and taking action to encourage legal graffiti vastly outweigh the disastrous effects of not doing so. Firstly it is of utmost significance to outline what graffiti is and is not the reason being that the majority of people are oblivious to the difference, viewing any indecent scrawl on public or private property as graffiti and an illegal act of vandalism. However they are mistaken. The truth is that the term ‘graffiti’ does not include all forms of writing on walls. There are three that must be separated. Number one is the ‘tag’. It is when the artist writes his name in his own style. This is usually not considered art because it is done for purposes such as marking territory and not emotional expression. Then there is the ‘throw up’ in which the artist may use bubble letters to create an intricate design. Lastly there is the ‘piece or ‘masterpiece’, these usually depict a scene or well known characters with some sort of slogan. This advanced form often requires the collaboration of multiple artists. It takes hours of planning and uses spray paint and felt tip pens. Graffiti art is not uninspired vandalism. It is an art and the people who do it are artists. The definition of art is human creative skill or its application resulting in visual representation. Graffiti art fits right into this definition. Every piece has a meaning behind it or inspiration. Traditionally graffiti art’s motives stem from the dehumanization of the working class. It was a way for youth to protest the ways in which they were not categorized as people, but resources for production. However, today many artists are no longer driven by the social motive. The creativeness and originality of graffiti art has interested many new and upcoming artists as a different way to express themselves. It interests them because it has not developed under traditional ways for artistic expression, it is new and they can appeal to a much younger and different audience. Graffiti must be recognised as art. It is on the rise all over the world. According to a report by the police, property damage has increased by 15. 3%. This was a result of increased graffiti mainly by youths. Ratepayers in Auckland are spending 5 million dollars in order to pay for the removal of graffiti on the streets. Also in 2009 an Auckland businessman, Bruce Emery, was convicted of manslaughter after he chased two taggers outside of his home and stabbed one of them with a knife. Despite what you may be thinking at the moment, that graffiti should be completely illegal and consequences for taking part in it should be increased in order to discourage the act, you are wrong. The only way to prevent these results of illegal graffiti is to recognise it as an art form. Graffiti art is going to be ever present in our future, its popularity is on the rise and we must accept it. However it is also crucial that we promote legal graffiti art. Providing legal walls and spaces where artists can perfect their talent is crucial. Also teaching youths the difference between legal and illegal graffiti art is very important. There are benefits for recognising graffiti as an art. It will open up new ways for artists to express themselves, especially young artists. There will be less tagging in the streets, as youths will be knowledgeable on what is legal graffiti and what is not. There will also be legal places for them to do graffiti. Ratepayers will not have to spend millions of dollars a year to clean it up. Also the quantity of youths and adults in prison will decrease, reason being they are knowledgeable on what is legal and illegal and have spaces where they can practice the art legally. In conclusion graffiti should be seen as an art. Recognising it as art would mean a new opportunity for artists to express themselves would be available. There would be less tagging in the streets and Ratepayers would not have to spend millions for it to be cleaned up. Ask yourselves, how can something that takes such complex geometry, proportion, shading and patterning skill be written off as vandalism.

Myths About Embryonic Stem Cell Research

Myths About Embryonic Stem Cell Research Free Online Research Papers Myth: Human life begins in the womb, not the Petri dish Reality: Actually, it usually begins in the fallopian tube, but it can also begin in a Petri dish. The testimony of modern science is clear on this point: At the moment the sperm cell of the human male meets the ovum of the female and the union results in a fertilized ovum (zygote), a new life has begun. Considine, Douglas (ed.). Van Nostrands Scientific Encyclopedia. 5th edition. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1976, p. 943. See Moore, Keith L. Essentials of Human Embryology. Toronto: B.C. Decker Inc, 1988, p.2; Dox, Ida G. et al. The Harper Collins Illustrated Medical Dictionary. New York: Harper Perennial, 1993, p. 146; Sadler, T.W. Langmans Medical Embryology. 7th edition. Baltimore: Williams Wilkins 1995, p. 3; Carlson, Bruce M. Pattens Foundations of Embryology. 6th edition. New York: McGraw_Hill, 1996, p. 3. The issue is not whether human life is present, but how society ought to treat it. Even President Clintons bioethics advisors said: We believe most would agree that human embryos deserve respect as a form of human life National Bioethics Advisory Commission on stem cell research, September 1999 (emphasis added) Stem cell research refers to research using stem cells that come from embryos or other sources, such as adult tissue, placentas, or umbilical cord blood. The only way to obtain embryonic stem cells, however, is to kill the living human embryo. The embryos killed for their stems cells are about a week old and have grown to about 200 cells. Embryonic stem cells have not helped a single human patient, while adult stem cells and similar ethically acceptable alternatives have helped hundreds of thousands. Myth: Excess embryos are going to be discarded anyway Reality: Not necessarily. Today, parents can preserve excess embryos for future pregnancies as well as donate them to other couples. Under proposed NIH guidelines, parents will be asked to consider having them destroyed for federally-funded research instead. In a recent study, 59% of parents who initially planned to discard their embryos after three years later changed their minds, choosing another pregnancy or donation to infertile couples. New England Journal of Medicine, July 5, 2001. With the NIH guidelines, these embryos might have already been destroyed. Whats more, we now know that the scientists calling for federal funds have themselves moved on to creating human embryos solely to destroy them for stem cells. So much for the discarded anyway argument. But what scientists or parents might do with the embryos is not the issue. The issue is: Should the government use taxpayers money for research which requires destroying human embryos? No Administration of either party has ever done so. We believe such unethical research shouldnt be done at all. But if anyone does so, it must be at their expense and on their conscience not that of the American taxpayers. Embryonic stem cells have not helped a single human patient. By contrast, adult stem cells and other ethically acceptable alternatives have helped hundreds of thousands of patients, and new clinical uses expand almost weekly. A clear majority of Americans supports stem cell research Of course they do but what type of stem cell research do they support? Stem cell research refers to research using various types of stem cells. Stem cells that come from adult tissue, placentas, or umbilical cord blood can be retrieved without harming the donor. The only way to obtain embryonic stem cells, however, is to kill the living human embryo. Typically, poll questions do not make this distinction. When Americans are asked if the government should fund stem cell research which requires destroying human embryos, 70% of Americans say NO. And when choosing between funding stem cell research including embryonic stem cells vs. stem cell research without embryonic stem cells, Americans support the latter approach 67% to 18%. (International Communications Research, June 8, 2001. See usccb.org/comm/archives/2001/01-101.htm.) Throughout American history, no Administration of either party has funded research which relies on destroying live human embryos. Embryonic stem cells have not helped a single human patient or demonstrated any therapeutic benefit. By contrast, adult stem cells and other ethically acceptable alternatives have helped hundreds of thousands of patients, and new clinical uses expand almost weekly. Myth: Embryonic stem cells are the most effective for treating disease Reality: Actually, theyre not. Embryonic stem cells have not helped a single human patient or demonstrated any therapeutic benefit. By contrast, adult stem cells and other ethically acceptable alternatives have already helped hundreds of thousands of patients, and new clinical uses expand almost weekly. Consider: Juvenile diabetes Adult Pancreatic Islet Cells 15 people with serious Type I (juvenile) diabetes became insulin free after adult pancreatic islet cell transplants; 9 still need no insulin injections. American Diabetes Assoc. Report, June 24, 2001 Embryonic Stem Cells No person has benefitted. Spinal cord injury Adult Immune-System Cells A young woman rendered paraplegic by a car accident can move her toes and legs after injection of her own immune-system cells into her severed spinal cord. Toronto Globe and Mail, June 15, 2001 Embryonic Stem Cells No person has benefitted Immune deficiency Adult Bone Marrow Stem Cells 2 children born without immune systems (bubble boy syndrome) have left their sterile environment and lead normal lives after bone marrow stem cell treatment. Science, The Washington Post, April 28, 2000 Embryonic Stem Cells No person has benefitted Corneal repair Adult Corneal Stem Cells Several legally blind people can now see more clearly after their corneas were reconstructed with corneal stem cells. New England Journal of Medicine, July 13, 2000 Embryonic Stem Cells No person has benefitted : Study Spanish in Guatemala, American Bulldog Information, and Eulogies Research Papers on Myths About Embryonic Stem Cell ResearchGenetic EngineeringArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Capital PunishmentMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementTwilight of the UAWResearch Process Part One

Free Essays on The Veldt

In America today, people usually have simple lives. There have been many inventions in the past century that help us live our everyday life. In the story, â€Å"The Veldt†, there are inventions that seem unimaginable just as a dishwasher might have been inconceivable a century ago. Americans are also â€Å"big† on trying to make raising children easier on parents. It almost seems as if our goal as Americans is to make life easier. â€Å"The Veldt† shows that simplicity in life does not necessarily make life easier. I think that the situation in â€Å"The Veldt† is slowly evolving in today’s world. Soon, humans will have the knowledge and technology to own a house that will act as a â€Å"wife and mother now and nursemaid† (Bradbury, p.199). The house in â€Å"The Veldt† is actually a character. The house sweeps the floors, does the laundry, cooks the food, sets the table, brushes teeth and hair, ties shoes, and bathes its occupants. The children growing up in this house are completely spoiled. How can these children learn responsibility if they don’t even have to clean up after themselves? Even though there is no house such as this currently in existence, children today are becoming more and more lazy. Young people in America today don’t understand how easy they have life. Children are always complaining about having to do dishes or cleaning the house, but these actions help build character and prepare for their lives as adults. Wendy and Peter probably don’t even know how to tie their own sho! es because they have a machine that has always tied shoes for them. Peter is so spoiled he is complaining about having to do simple things that we do everyday. â€Å"That sounds dreadful! Would I have to tie my own shoes instead of letting the shoe tier do it? And brush my own teeth and comb my own hair and give myself a bath†, asks Peter when his father threatens to turn off the house. When this child becomes an adult, he w... Free Essays on The Veldt Free Essays on The Veldt In America today, people usually have simple lives. There have been many inventions in the past century that help us live our everyday life. In the story, â€Å"The Veldt†, there are inventions that seem unimaginable just as a dishwasher might have been inconceivable a century ago. Americans are also â€Å"big† on trying to make raising children easier on parents. It almost seems as if our goal as Americans is to make life easier. â€Å"The Veldt† shows that simplicity in life does not necessarily make life easier. I think that the situation in â€Å"The Veldt† is slowly evolving in today’s world. Soon, humans will have the knowledge and technology to own a house that will act as a â€Å"wife and mother now and nursemaid† (Bradbury, p.199). The house in â€Å"The Veldt† is actually a character. The house sweeps the floors, does the laundry, cooks the food, sets the table, brushes teeth and hair, ties shoes, and bathes its occupants. The children growing up in this house are completely spoiled. How can these children learn responsibility if they don’t even have to clean up after themselves? Even though there is no house such as this currently in existence, children today are becoming more and more lazy. Young people in America today don’t understand how easy they have life. Children are always complaining about having to do dishes or cleaning the house, but these actions help build character and prepare for their lives as adults. Wendy and Peter probably don’t even know how to tie their own sho! es because they have a machine that has always tied shoes for them. Peter is so spoiled he is complaining about having to do simple things that we do everyday. â€Å"That sounds dreadful! Would I have to tie my own shoes instead of letting the shoe tier do it? And brush my own teeth and comb my own hair and give myself a bath†, asks Peter when his father threatens to turn off the house. When this child becomes an adult, he w... Free Essays on The Veldt The Veldt The story The Veldt touches on a lot of topics that are happening right before out eyes in today’s society. Although they may not be as extreme as the Veldt, there are similarities that we can closely relate to. Ray Bradbury’s attempt to foresee the future of where our society was heading was closer than anyone could imagine in his era. He predicts our society becoming so dependant on technology that will forget how to do the simplest things and eventually the technology that we have created will overcome us. The way that Mr. Bradbury describes the lifestyle that the Hadley’s have is exactly what we as a society are looking for now. We all want to make things a little easier for ourselves, but are we going to far? Precooked meals, electronic toothbrushes, dishwashers, videogame systems, and remote control vacuum cleaners are making. These are the things that are becoming the norm in our society. We are all becoming dependant on technology to do many things for us. Even go as far to occupy our children so we don’t have to deal with them that extra hour of the day. This is not a healthy lifestyle that we are heading towards. Our society is becoming increasingly overweight and out of shape. What kind of examples are we setting for the next generation, is it going to turn on us in the end? The children Peter and Wendy in The Veldt have become so accustomed to a lifestyle that requires them to do nothing but breathe and eat. I know that this is an exaggeration of what is, but throughout this story they seem to be the ones in charge with no boundaries or discipline in their lives. George and Lydia Hadley thought that by giving Peter and Wendy what they wanted growing up in their lives would enrich their lives. â€Å"Nothing is too good for my children† George stated. But is having everything besides human/parental interaction and involvement really the â€Å"best† thing? George and Lydia soon learn that...

Stylistic analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Stylistic analysis - Essay Example Non-academic readers can be any person with reading skills. Academic readers can also read non-academic writings. Readers expect different things from academic and non-academic writings, but depending on the writing, can read both genres. The second difference between academic and non-academic writing is structure. Academic writings are structured according to whichever academic style the writer applies. APA is used for medical, psychology, and other related fields, which include a strict guideline for borders, page numbers, and referencing. MLA is used for literature related academic papers. Finally, Harvard referencing is used in England and Australia. Strict structure is a must for academic writing. Non-fiction writing is loosely structured, depending upon the writing. For example, fiction novels can switch between past, present, and future without clear structure. The only real structure that non-academic writers use is the paragraph, sentences, and punctuation. This structure does not even have to be grammatically correct for non-academic writing. The difference between the two types of writings is black and white. Academic writings have a distinct style. The language must be formal, without the use of you, I, or any first person references, unless quoting a source. The academic style is intellectual, structured, and formal. Referencing and in-text citation is part of a good academic papers style. Non-academic writings are not formal. Spelling mistakes, jargon, and first person can be used. Referencing is not used in non-academic writings. The style of a non-academic paper can range from a kindergarten students first sentences to J.K. Rowlings Harry Potter. The style can be flexible, whereas in academic writing is inflexible. Readership, structure, and style are different in academic and non-academic writing. These three things define both writings as academic or

Wheel Works Cycling Company Business. Case Study Essay

Wheel Works Cycling Company Business. Case Study - Essay Example Some other researchers (e.g., Friedlander, (1964) refers to motivation as, â€Å"the amount of effort people are willing to put in their work depends on the degree to which they feel their motivational needs will be satisfied. On the other hand, individuals become de-motivated if they feel something in the organisation prevents them from attaining good outcomes (Friedlander 1964). It can be observed from the above definitions that, motivation in general, is more or less basically concern with factors or events that moves, leads, and drives certain human action or inaction over a given period of time given the prevailing conditions. Further more the definitions suggest that there need to be an† invisible force† to push people to do something in return. It could also be deduced from the definition that having a motivated work force or an environment in which high levels of motivation are maintained remains a challenge for today’s management. This challenge may emanate from the simple fact that motivation is not a fixed trait –as it could change with changes in personal, psychological, financial or social factors. 1.1 Maslow's Hierarchy of Need Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a five-level hierarchical need theory of motivation that specifies that the lowest-level unsatisfied need has the greatest motivating potential (Greenberg & Baron 2003):. The needs include: Physiological needs Safety needs Belongingness needs Esteem needs Self-actualization needs According to Maslow, the lowest-level unsatisfied need category has the greatest motivating potential. When needs at a particular level of the hierarchy are satisfied, the individual turns his or her attention to the next higher level. A satisfied need is no longer an effective motivator. Self-actualization needs, however, become stronger as they are gratified (Greenberg and Baron 2000). At Wheelworks, to satisfy employee's needs following Maslow's doctrine, the Male Speaker does all personnel selection on personnel encouragement. At the same time lot of